[CVS] Q.18) Define tachycardia with cause:

Ans:

It means increase heart rate above 100 beats/min.

Cause:

A) Physiological :

1. Increase in Sympathetic activity (exercise, emotion)
2. Pregnancy

B) Pathological:

1. Anxiety
2. Fever
3. Anemia
4. Heart failure
5. Thyrotoxicosis
6. Drugs : beta-adrenoceptor agonists

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TIME TABLE FOR WRITTEN PART OF THE 1ST, 2nd & FINAL PROFESSIONAL MBBS EXAMINATION

UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA

TIME TABLE FOR WRITTEN PART OF THE 1ST, 2nd & FINAL PROFESSIONAL MBBS EXAMINATION OF JULY, 2012 OF THE UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA.

Place of Examinations: Respective Medical College

Time: 10 AM to 1.00PM

FIRST PROF. MBBS EXAMINATION OF JULY’2012  (NEW CURRICULUM ):

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[CVS] Q.17) What are the factors affecting heart rate?

Ans.

(1) Higher centre: Stimulation of post group of hypothalamic nucleus increase heart rate. Middle group decrease heart rate. Stimulations of area-13 of frontal lobe cause tachycardia.

(2) Cardio-vascular reflexes:

(a) Baroreceptor reflex→ (stimulate) of Baroreceptor→decrease HR

(b) Brain Bridge reflex→ (stimulate) of Brain Bridge reflex →increase HR

(3) Respiration:

Heart rate increase during inspiration particularly in children.

Heart rate decrease during expiration.

(4) Temperature:

Increase Temp. →increase HR by (stimulated) the SA node

(5) Muscular exercise:

[CVS] Q.16) What is heart rate? Give the normal values of heart rate different ages:

Definition:

The number of heart beat per minute is called heart rate.

- Normal heart rate:

       (1) Adult: 60-90 beats/min.

       Avg.72 beats/min.

       (2) New born: 130-140 beats/min.

[CVS] Q.15) Interpretation of a normal ECG :

Ans :

A normal electrocardiogram composed of-

P wave - caused by atrial depolarization before atrial contraction begins.

Q wave - caused by septal depolarization.

R wave - caused by apical left ventricular depolarization.

S wave - caused by post basal left ventricular depolarization.

T wave- caused by ventricular depolarization.

QRS complex - Cased by ventricular depolarization.