[BS] Q.12) Development of RBC:

Ans.

 A. Embryonic life:

a. 1^st Trimester – From mesoderm of yolk sac

b. 2^nd Trimester – from liver (mainly), spleen, lymph node

c. 3^rd Trimester – from bone marrow.

B. Extra Embryonic life:

a. Up to 20 years from long bones marrow.

b. Beyond 20 years from all membranous bone.

[BS] Q.11) Importence of biconcave shape of RBC:

1.  Provides a large surface are for the uptake & release of O2 & CO2 .
2.  Helps the RBC to Pass Through Capillaries & other structure of small diameter.

[BS] Q.10) Properties Erythrocyte (RBC):

• Shape- Circular, biconcave, non-nucleated & disc shaped.
• Diameter- 7.8 micrometer.
• Thickness- Center – 1 Micrometer

              Peripheral- 2.5 Micrometer.

• Volume- 90-95 cubic micrometer.
• Concentration in blood:

             Men- avg. 5,200,000 /Cu mm
             Women- avg. 4,700,00/ Cu mm

• Life span– 120 days.

[BS] Q.9) Function of Plasma Proteins :

Ans.

(A) Albumin:

1. It maintains about 80% of Colloidal osmotic pressure of blood.
2. It maintains viscosity of blood.
3. It has Buffer action by virtue of H+ icon acceptance.
4. Determines sp. gravity of plasma which is 1.028
5. Acts as carrier protein for hormones, fatty acid, bilirubin, metal & drugs.

[B] Globulin:

1. a1 globulin transport of hormone such as Thyroxin, Cortisole etc.
2. a2 globulin transport Cu as Ceruloplasmin.
3. b globulin transport of Fe++ as transferin.

[BS] Q.8) Indications of Plasma proteins transfusion:

Ans.

1. Extensive burn.
2. Liver disease.
3. Dengue hemorrhagic fever.
4. DIC.
5. Protein loosing enteropathy.
6. Bleeding disorder.

[BS] Q.7) Origin of plasma proteins:

Ans. 
a. In adult life:

Plasma proteins	Site of origin
Albumin	Liver
Globulin (α, β)	Liver
Globulin (ϒ)	Plasma cell
Prothrombin	Liver
Fibrinogen	Liver

b. In fetal life, all plasma proteins origin from mesenchymal cells.