[CVS] Q.18) Define tachycardia with cause:

Ans:

It means increase heart rate above 100 beats/min.

Cause:

A) Physiological :

1. Increase in Sympathetic activity (exercise, emotion)
2. Pregnancy

B) Pathological:

1. Anxiety
2. Fever
3. Anemia
4. Heart failure
5. Thyrotoxicosis
6. Drugs : beta-adrenoceptor agonists

[HT] 5) No more acidity!!!

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5) No more acidity!!!

TIME TABLE FOR WRITTEN PART OF THE 1ST, 2nd & FINAL PROFESSIONAL MBBS EXAMINATION

UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA

TIME TABLE FOR WRITTEN PART OF THE 1ST, 2nd & FINAL PROFESSIONAL MBBS EXAMINATION OF JULY, 2012 OF THE UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA.

Place of Examinations: Respective Medical College

Time: 10 AM to 1.00PM

FIRST PROF. MBBS EXAMINATION OF JULY’2012  (NEW CURRICULUM ):

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[CVS] Q.17) What are the factors affecting heart rate?

Ans.

(1) Higher centre: Stimulation of post group of hypothalamic nucleus increase heart rate. Middle group decrease heart rate. Stimulations of area-13 of frontal lobe cause tachycardia.

(2) Cardio-vascular reflexes:

(a) Baroreceptor reflex→ (stimulate) of Baroreceptor→decrease HR

(b) Brain Bridge reflex→ (stimulate) of Brain Bridge reflex →increase HR

(3) Respiration:

Heart rate increase during inspiration particularly in children.

Heart rate decrease during expiration.

(4) Temperature:

Increase Temp. →increase HR by (stimulated) the SA node

(5) Muscular exercise:

[CVS] Q.16) What is heart rate? Give the normal values of heart rate different ages:

Definition:

The number of heart beat per minute is called heart rate.

- Normal heart rate:

       (1) Adult: 60-90 beats/min.

       Avg.72 beats/min.

       (2) New born: 130-140 beats/min.

[CVS] Q.15) Interpretation of a normal ECG :

Ans :

A normal electrocardiogram composed of-

P wave - caused by atrial depolarization before atrial contraction begins.

Q wave - caused by septal depolarization.

R wave - caused by apical left ventricular depolarization.

S wave - caused by post basal left ventricular depolarization.

T wave- caused by ventricular depolarization.

QRS complex - Cased by ventricular depolarization.

[CVS] Q.14) What is ECG? Give its importance.

Ans:

It is a graphical recording of electrical changes of the heart by electrodes to the surface of the body.

Importance:

1. ECG gives accurate information about sinus rhythm, conduction intervals and cardiac axis.
2. Helps in diagnosis of myocardial ischemia.
3. Helps in diagnosis of myocardial infarction.
4. Helps in diagnosis of heart block.
5. Helps in diagnosis of ventricular hypertrophy.
6. Helps in diagnosis of arrhythmia, fibrillation etc.
7. Helps in diagnosis of early stage of hyperkalemia.
8. Effects of drugs:

            a) Digitalis

            b) Quinine