[GP] Q.16. Differences between Extra cellular fluid and intra cellular fluid.

Ans.

Extra cellular fluid	Intra cellular fluid
1.Extra cellular fluid remains outside the cell.	1.Intra cellular fluid remains inside the     cell.
2.It is about 14 liters.	2. It is about 28 liters.
3. It contains large amount of sodium, chloride, bicarbonate ions and glucose, amino acid, fatty acids, O2.	3. It contains large amount of potassium, magnesium, phosphate ions.
4. PH is avg. 7.3	4.  PH  is avg. 6.8

[GP] Q.15. What is internal environment? Why it is called internal environment?

Ans. Extra cellular fluid is called internal environment of the body.

Because, extra cellular fluid contains all nutrients and ions which is needed by the cells to maintain normal cellular life.

[BS] Q.16) Advantages of absence of nucleus in RBC:

Ans.

1. It gives biconcavity of RBC.
2. More room for Hb store.
3. It can easily passes through capillaries.

[BS] Q.15) Factors Controlling Erythropoisis:

Ans. 

A. General factors:

1. Diet- Protein of high biological value which provides amino acid for synthesis of globin portion of Hb.
2. Hypoxia – It is a potent stimulus for RBC production. It stimulates release of erythropoietin hormone from kidneys ,which stimulates bone marrow for erythroposis.
3. Erythropoitin hormone.
4. Other hormone- such as Thyroxin which stimulate bone marrow for erythroposis.

B. Haemoglobinization factors:

1. Iron- Essential for heam formation of Hb.

[BS] Q.14) Basic Changes in Erythropoisis :

Ans. 2 distinct major changes take place.

1. Multiplication – by which number of cell increase.

2. Maturation- by which cell becomes mature RBC R involves 3 different changes.

• A Gradual reduction of cell size & alteration of shape.
• Acquirement of Hb.
• Disappearance of nucleus & cessation of cell division.

[BS] Q.13) Development of RBC:

Ans.

Stages of erythropoisis-

a. Pluripotential Hematopoietic Stem Cell.

b. Pro erythroblast

c. Basophile erythroblast

d. Poly Chromatophil erythroblast

e. Ortho chromatic erythroblast

f. Reticulocyte

g. Erythrocyte